ipreviouslyjresuksufferedlsurfing

erternalsotwisting

?sectionb

directionsthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatentsattachedtoiteachstatentntainsrtiongiveninoneoftheparagraphsidentifytheparagraphfrohichthertionisderivedyouychooseaparagraphrethanonceeachparagraphisrkedwithaletteranswerthequestionsbyrkingtherrespondingletteronanswersheet2

essay-gradingsoftwareoffersprofessorsabreak

aigiakingallegeexaand,insteadofhandinginabluebookandgettingagradefroprofessorafewweekster,clickingthe"send"buttonwhenyouaredoneandreceivingagradebackinstantly,youressaysredbyasoftwareprandthen,insteadofbeingdonewiththatexaigihatthesysteouldiediatelyletyourewritethetesttotrytoiroveyourgrade

bedx,thenonprofitenterprisefoundedbyharvardandthessachusettsinstituteoftechnologytoofferursesontheinter,hasjustintroducedsuchasystendwillkeitsautotedsoftwareavaiblefreeonthewebtoanyinstitutionthatwantstouseitthesoftwareusesartificialintelligencetogradestudentessaysandshortwrittenanswers,freeingprofessorsforothertasks

cthenewservicewillbringtheeducationalnsortiuntoagrowingnflictovertheroleofautotionineducationalthoughautotedgradingsysteforltiple-choiceandtrue-falsetestsarenowwidespread,theuseofartificialintelligencetechnologytogradeessayanswershasnotyetreceivedwidespreadaeptancebyeducatorsandhasnycritics

danantagarwal,anelectricalengineerwhoispresidentofedx,predictedthattheinstant-gradingsoftwarewouldbeausefulteachingtoolenablingstudentstotaketestsandwriteessaysoverandoverandirovethequalityoftheiranswershesaidthetechnologywouldofferdistinctadvantagesoverthetraditionalcssrooystewherestudentsoftenwaitdaysorweeksfrades"thereisahugevalueinlearningwithinstantfeedback,"dragarwalsaid"studentsaretellingustheylearnchbetterwithinstantfeedback"

ebutskepticssaytheautotedsystesnotchforliveteachersonelongticritic,lespereln,hasdrawnnationattentionseveraltisforputtingtogethernonsenseessaysthathavefooledsoftwaregradingpraintogivinghighrkshehasalsobeenhighlycriticalofstudiescingthatthesoftwareareswelltohungraders

fheisangagroupofeducatorswhostnthbegancircutingapetitionopposingautotedassessntsoftwarethegroup,whichcallsitselfprofessionalsagainstchinesringofstudentessaysinhigh-stakesassessnt,hasllectednearly2,000signatures,includingsofroauspeoplelikechoky

g"let'sfacetherealitiesofautoticessaysring,"thegroup'sstatentreadsinpart"uterscannot'read'theycannotasuretheessentialsofeffectivewrittenunicationracy,reasoning,adequacyofevidence,goodsense,ethicalposition,nvincingargunt,aningfulanization,andcrity,angothers"

hbutedxexpectsitssoftwaretobeadoptedwidelybyschoolsanduniversitiesitoffersfreeonlinecssesfroarvardtandtheuniversityofcalifornia-berkeley;thisfall,itwilddcssesfroellesley,geetownandtheuniversityoftexasinall,12universitiesparticipateinedx,whichofferscertificatesforurseletionandhassaidthatitpnstontinuetoexpandnextyear,includingaddinginternationalschools

itheedxassessnttoolrequireshunteachers,raders,tofirstgrade100essaysoressayquestionsthesystehenusesavarietyofchine—learningtechniquestotrainitselftobeabletogradeanynuerofessaysoranswersautoticallyandalstinstantlythesoftwarewilssignagradedependingonthesringsystereatedbytheteacher,whetheritisalettergradeornuricalrank

jedxisnotthefirsttousetheautotedassessnttechnology,whichdatestoearlyutersinthe1960sthereisnowarangeofaniesofferingercialpratogradewrittentestanswers,andfourstates—louisiana,northdakota,utahandwestvirginia—areusingsoforfthetechnologyinsendaryschoolsafifth,indiana,hasexperintedwithitinsocasesthesoftwareisusedasa"sendreader"tocheckthereliabilityofthehungraders

kbutthegrowinginfluenceoftheedxnsortiuosetstandardsislikelytogivethetechnologyaboostontuesday,stanfordannouncedthatitwouldworkwithedxtodevelopajointeducationalsystehatwillkeuseoftheautotedassessnttechnology

ltwostart-ups,urseraandudacity,recentlyfoundedbystanfordfacultyerstocreate"ssiveopenonlineurses"orocs,arealsoittedtoautotedassessntsystebecauseofthevalueofinstantfeedback''itallowsstudentstogetiediatefeedbackontheirwork,sothatlearningturnsintoaga,withstudentsnaturallygravitatingtowardresubttingtheworkuntiltheygetitright,"saiddaphnekoller,auterscientistandafounderofursera

astyearthehewlettfoundation,agrant-ltinganizationsetupbyoneofthehewlettpackardfoundersandhiswife,sponsoredtwo$100,000prizesaidatirovingsoftwarethatgradesessaysandshortanswersrethan150teaenteredeachcategoryawinnerofoneofthehewlettntests,vikparuchuri,washiredbyedxtohelpdesignitsassessntsoftware

n"oneofourfocusesistohelpkidslearnhowtothinkcritically,"saidvictorvuchic,aprafficeratthehewlettfoundation"it'sprobablyiossibletodothatwithltiple-choiceteststhechallengeisthatthisrequireshungraders,andsotheystalotreandtheytakealotreti"

orkdshers,aprofessorattheuniversityofakroninohio,supervisedthehewlettfoundation'sntestonautotedessaysringandwroteapaperabouttheexperintinhisview,thetechnology—thoughierfect—hasapceineducationalsettings

pwithincreasinglyrgecsses,itisiossibleforstteacherstogivestudentsaningfulfeedbackonwritingassignnts,hesaidplus,henoted,criticsofthetechnologyhavetendedtofrohenation'sbestuniversities,wherethelevelofteachingischbetterthanatstschools

q"oftentheyfroeryfausinstitutionswhere,infact,theydoachbetterjobofprovidingfeedbackthanachineeveruld,"drsherssaid“thereseetobeackofreciationofwhatisactuallygoingonintherealworld”

46soprofessionalsineducationarellectingsignaturestovoicetheiroppositiontoautotedessaygrading

47usingsoftwaretogradestudents'essayssavesteachers'tiforotherwork

48thehewlettntestsaitirovingessaygradingsoftware

49thoughtheautotedgradingsysteswidelyusedinltiple-choicetests,autotedessaygradingisstillcriticizedbynyeducators

50sopeopledon'tbelievethesoftwaregradingsysteandoasgoodajobashungraders

51criticsofautotedessaysringdonotseeoknowthetruerealitiesinlessfausuniversities

52criticsarguenyiortantaspectsofeffectivewritingcannotbeasuredbyuterratingpra

53ascsssizegrows,stteachersareunabletogivestudentsvaluableentsastohowtoirovetheirwriting

54theautotedassessnttechnologyissotisusedtodoublechecktheworkofhungraders

55studentsfindinstantfeedbackhelpsirovetheirlearningnsiderably

?sectionc

directionsereare2passagesinthissectioneachpassageisfollowedbysoquestionsorunfinishedstatentsforeachoftheherearefourchoicesrkeda,b,canddyoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentre

?passageone

questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage

theendlessdebateabout"work-lifebance"oftenntainsahopefulfootnoteaboutstay-at-hodadsifaricansocietyandbusinesswon'tkeiteasieronfuturefeleleaderswhochoosetohavechildren,thereisstilltherayofhopethatincreasingnuersoffull-tifatherswillbutbasedontoday'ssocioenoctrends,thishopeis,unfortunately,sguided

it'struethatthenuerofnwhohaveleftworktodotheirthingasfull-tiparentshasdoubledinadecade,butit'sstillverysllly08％ofrriedupleswherethestay-at-hofatherwasoutoftheborforceforayeareventhatpercentageislikelyinftedbynthrustintotheircaretakerrolebyadownsizingthisissilynotargeenoughgrouptoreducethesocialstigandforceotheradjustntsnecessarytosupportingninthisdecision,evenifonlyworkrethantheirfaly

evenshortertisawayfroorkforworkingfathersarealreadydifficultastudyfoundthat85％ofnewfatherstakesotioffafterthebirthofachild—butforallbutafew,it'saweekortwoatstanwhile,theaverageforwonwhotakeleaveisrethan10weeks

suchchoicesiactwhovesupintheanizationwhileyou'reaway,sooneelseisdoingyourwork,kingyoursales,takingcareofyourcustorsthatcan'thelpyouatworkitcanonlyhurtyouwon,ofurse,facethesaissuesofreturningafteralongabsencebutwithnyrewonthannchoosingtoleavetheworkforceentirelytoraisefalies,returningfronextendedparentalleavedoesn'traiseasnyeyebrowsasitdoesforn

wonwouldkereiftheydidn'tbreaktheirearningtrajectorybyleavingtheworkforce,orifhigher-payingprofessionswererefaly-friendlyintheforeseeablefuture,stay-at-hofathersykeallthedifferenceforindividualfalies,buttheirpresencewon'treducethenuersofhighpotentialwonwhoareforcedtochoosebetweenfalyandcareer

56whatgiveswonarayofhopetoachievework-lifebance

arentakinganextendedparentalleave

bpeople'schangingattitudestowardsfaly

crewonenteringbusinessnagent

dtheiroventoftheirsocioenocstatus