partiiireadingrehension

?sectiona

directionsthissection,thereisapassagewithtenbnksyouarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachbnkfrolistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassagereadthepassagethroughcarefullybeforekingyourchoiceseachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterpleaserktherrespondingletterforeachitenanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentreyouynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankrethanonce

questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage

asateacher,youuldbringtheunityintoyourcssroonnywaystheparentsandgrandparentsofyourstudentsareresourcesandfortheirchildrentheycanbeteachersoftheirowntraditionsandhistoriesiigrantparentsuldtalkabouttheiruntryofandwhytheyegratedtotheunitedstatesparentscanbeinvitedtotalkabouttheirjobsoraunityprojectparents,ofurse,arenottheonlyunityresourceseloyeesatlocalbusinessesandstaffatunityagencieshavertiontoshareincssroofieldtripsprovideanotheropportunitytoknowtheunitynystudentsdon'thavetheopportunitytoncertsorvisitseuorhistoricalsitesexceptthroughfieldtripsaschooldistrictshouldhaveforselectingandnductingfieldtripsfaliesstbedeoffieldtripsandgiveperssionfortheirchildrentoparticipatethroughschoolprojects,studentscanlearntobeinunityprojectsrangingfrontingtreestocleaningupaparktoassistingelderlypeoplestudents,olderones,ghtnductresearchonaunityneedthatuldleadtoactionbyacityuncilorstategovernntsoschoolsrequirestudentstoprovideunityservicebyinanursingho,childcarecenterovernntagencytheseprojectshelpstudentsunderstandtheirresponsibilitytothergerunity

aassetsbattendcawaredespecially

eexcellentfexpensivegguidelineshinvolved

ijoiningjnaturallykobservelorigin

ecruitednup-to-dateovolunteering

?sectionb

directionsthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatentsattachedtoiteachstatentntainsrtiongiveninoneoftheparagraphsidentifytheparagraphfrohichthertionisderivedyouychooseaparagraphrethanonceeachparagraphisrkedwithaletteranswerthequestionsbyrkingtherrespondingletteronanswersheet2

reapingtherewardsofrisk-taking

asincestevejobsresignedaschiefexecutiveofle,chhasbeensaidabouthisapeerlessbusinessleaderwhohascreatediensewealthforshareholders,andguidedthedesignofhitproductsthataretransforngentireindustries,likesicandbileunications

balltrue,butlet'sthinkdifferent,toborrowthelerketingsloganofyearsbacklet'slookatjobsasaroledel

caboveall,heisaninnovatorhiscreativeforceisseeninproductssuchastheipod,iphone,andipad,andinnewbusinessdelsforpricinganddistributingsicandbilesoftwareonlinestudiesofinnovationtothesanclusionucan'tengineerinnovation,butyoucanincreasetheoddsofitourringandjobs'careercanbeviewedasansistentpursuitofirovingthoseodds,bothforhielfandtheanieshehasledjobs,ofurse,hasenjoyedsingursuessbutinnovation,broadlydefined,isthecrucialingredientinallenocpress—highergrowthfornations,reetitiveproductsforanies,andreprosperouscareersforindividualsandjobs,nyexpertssay,exelifieswhatworksintheinnovationga

d"wecanlookatandlearnfrotevejobswhattheessenceofaricaninnovationis,"saysjohnkao,aninnovationnsultanttorporationsandgovernntsnyothernations,johnkaonotes,arenowaheadoftheunitedstatesinproducingwhatarensideredtherawterialsofinnovationtheseincludegovernntfinancingforscientificresearch,nationalpoliciestosupportergingindustries,educationachievent,engineersandscientistsgraduated,eventhespeedsofinterbroadbandservice

eyetwhatothernationstypicallyck,kaoadds,isasocialenvironntthatenuragesdiversity,experintation,risk-taking,andiningskillsfroanyfieldsintoproductsthathecalls"reinantsh-ups",liketheiphone,whichredefinedthesrtphonecategory"thecultureofotheruntriesdoesn'tsupportthekindofinnovationthatstevejobsexelifies,asaricadoes,"johnkaosays

fworkersofeveryrankaretoldthesedaysthatwide-rangingcuriosityandntinuouslearningarevitaltosurvivinginthedernenoforleducationtters,careerunselorssay,butreal-lifeexperienceisoftenevenrevaluable

ganadoptedchild,growingupinsilinvalley,jobsdispyedthosetraitsearlyonhewasfascinatedbyelectronicsasachild,buildingheathkitdo-it-yourselfprojects,likeradiosjobsdroppedoutofreedllegeafteronlyasesterandtraveledaroundindiainsearchofspiritualenlightennt,beforereturningtosilinvalleytofoundlewithhisfriend,stephenwozniak,anengineeringwizardjobswasforcedoutoflein1985,wentoffandfoundedtwootheranies,nextandpixar,beforereturningtolein1996andbengchiefexecutivein1997

hhispathwasunique,butinnovationexpertssaythepatternofexplorationisnotunusual"it'softenpeoplelikestevejobswhocandrawfrodeepreservoirofdiverseexperiencesthatoftengeneratebreakthroughideasandinsights,"sayshalgregersen,aprofessorattheeuropeaninstituteofbusinessadnistration

igregersenisa-authorofanewbook,theinnovator'sdna,whichisbasedonaneight-yearstudyof5,000entrepreneursandexecutivesworldwidehistwolboratorsand-authorsarejeffdyer,aprofessoratbrighaounguniversity,andcytonchristensen,aprofessorattheharvardbusinessschool,whose1997booktheinnovator'sdileapopurizedthenceptof"disruptiveinnovation"

jtheacadecsidentifyfivetraitsthatareontothedisruptiveinnovatorsestioning,experinting,observing,associatingandworkingtheirbundleofcharacteristicsechoestheceaselesscuriosityandwillingnesstotakerisksnotedbyotherexpertsworking,halgregersenexpins,islessaboutcareer-buildingretionshipsthanansistentsearchfornewideasassociating,headds,istheabilitytokeidea-producingnnectionsbylinkingnceptsfroifferentdisciplines

k"innovatorsengageinthesentactivitiesregurly,"gregersensays"it'sahabitfortheinnovativeanies,aordingtotheauthors,typicallyenjoyhighervaluationsinthestockrket,whichtheycaln"innovationpreuitiscalcutedbyestitingtheshareofaany'svaluethatcannotbeaountedforbyitscurrentproductsandcashflowtheinnovationpreuriestoquantifyinvestors'betsthataanywilldoevenbetterinthefuturebecauseofinnovation

lle,bytheircalcutions,hada37percentinnovationpreuuringjobs'firstteriththeanyhisyearsinexileresultedina31percentinnovationdisuntafterhisreturn,le'sfortunesirovedgraduallyatfirst,andirovedrkedlystartingin2005,yieldinga52percentinnovationpreuincethen

hereisnonclusiveproof,buthalgregersensaysitisunlikelythatjobsuldhavereshapedindustriesbeyonduting,ashehasdoneinhissendtertle,withouttheexperienceoutsidetheany,especiallyatpixar—theuter-anitionstudiothatcreatedastringofcriticallyanderciallysuessfulvies,suchastoystoryandup

njobssuggestedchthesathingduringaencentaddresstothegraduatingcssatstanforduniversityin2005"itturnedoutthatgettingfiredfropplewasthebestthingthatuldhaveeverhenedto,"hetoldthestudentsjobsalsospokeofperseveranceandwillpower"sotislifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick,"hesaid"don'tlosefaith"

ojobsendedhisencenttalkwithacalltoinnovation,bothinone'schoiceofworkandinone'slifebecurious,experint,takerisks,hesaidtothestudentshisadvicewasehasizedbythewordsonthebackofthefinaleditionofthewholeearthcatalog,whichhe"edtayhungrystayfoolish""and,"jobssaid,"ihavealwayswishedthatforselfandnow,asyougraduatetobeginanew,iwishthatforyou"

46stevejobscalledonstanfordgraduatestoinnovateinhisencentaddress

47stevejobsnsideredhielfluckytohavebeenfiredoncebyle

48stevejobsonceuseduterstokeviesthatwereercialhits

49nygovernntshavedonerethantheusgovernntinprovidingtherawterialsforinnovation

50greatinnovatorsaregoodatnnectingnceptsfroariousacadecfields

51innovationisvitaltodrivingenocpress

52aricahasasocialenvironntthatisparticurlyfavorabletoinnovation

53innovativeideasoftenfroiverseexperiences

54real-lifeexperienceisoftenreiortantthanforleducationforcareersuess

55le'sfortunessufferedfroninnovationdisuntduringjobs'absence

?sectionc

directionsereare2passagesinthissectioneachpassageisfollowedbysoquestionsorunfinishedstatentsforeachoftheherearefourchoicesrkeda,b,canddyoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentre

?passageone

questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage

junkfoodiseverywherewe'reeatingwaytoochofitstofusknowwhatwe'redoingandyetwedoitanyway

sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattherandrporationhynottakealessonfrolholntrolpoliciesandlytheowherefoodissoldandhowit'sdispyed"

"nypolicyasurestontrolobesityassuthatpeoplensciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidingrtionandreaesstohealthierfoods,"notethetworesearchers"inntrast,"theresearchersntinue,"nyregutionsthatdon'tassupeoplekerationalchoiceshavebeensuessfullyliedtontrolhol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichioderatensutionleadstoserioushealthproble"theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople'sbehaviorwithfoodandalhondresultsofalholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregutionsthattheresearchersthinkghtbeprosingifliedtojunkfoodsangthedensityrestrictions,licensestosellhoren'thandedoutunpnnedtoallrnersbutreallottedbasedonthenuerofpcesinanareathatalreadysellholthesekealhollesseasytogetandreducethenuerofpsychologicalcuestodrink

sirly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstitesourdesiretoeatitsowhynotlitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particurlyonesthatsellfoodrichiycaloriesandwhynotlitsaleoffoodinpcesthataren'tpririlyfoodstores

dispyandsalesrestrictionsliforniahasaruleprohibitingalholdispysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinstpcesyoucan'tbuyalhotdrive-throughfacilitiesatsuperrkets,foodaniespaytohavetheirwaresinpceswherethey'reeasilyseenoneuldrevejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbantheroheshelvesatcheckoutlinestheotherasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andpcingwarningbelsontheproducts

56whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood

apeopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattooch

bitiswidelynsuddespiteitsillreputation

citstetationistoostrongforpeopletoresist