24a)therolesroadpysincitydevelopntb)thetrafficproblebyroadandsolutions

c)thebenefitsanddefectscausedbyroadd)theroad'sinfluenceonpeople'slife

25a)itwasdesertedbutrebornnowb)itsproductshavealwaysbeendeyed

c)itrentrooforworkersd)peoplestilldon'tlikeit

partiiireadingrehension

?sectiona

directionsthissection,thereisapassagewithtenbnksyouarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachbnkfrolistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassagereadthepassagethroughcarefullybeforekingyourchoiceseachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletterpleaserktherrespondingletterforeachitenanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentreyouynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankrethanonce

questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage

thediterraneanisoneofthestpopurholidaychoicesintheworldhowever,itgetsthestpollutionaswellonly1%oftheearth'sseasurface,thediterraneancarriesrethan50%of,suchasoindtarfloatingpoisonfrohousandsoffactoriesispouredintothediterraneanbesides,cities,towns,vilgesontheastalsototheseapollution

sonycivilizationswerebythediterraneanbutnow,theseafallsillgreatlythepollutionnotonlypreventslifeinthesea,butalsohunswholiveorvisittheshorestheinreasonofdiseaseissewagethereareabout120citiesaroundtheast,and85%oftheirsewageintotheseainwhichpeoplebathandfishwhatkesthingsworseisthatstcitiesjustpipeitdirectlyoffthebeachrarecitiesevendropithalfaleoffshore

not,vastareasoftheseaarewithbacteria,whichwon'ttakelongtoreachpeopleprofessorwilliaruittoftheroyalfreehospitalusedtocalcutethatpeopleswiinginthediterraneanhaveahighchanceof17tocatchsokindofdiseaseeventhoughotherscientistsdisroveit,nystilgreethatit'stobathinthepollutedwateranotherkindofpoisonsfrondustryit'saschharultotheseaassewagefactoriescrowdontheastlineeventhestdernonesarerarelywithefficientwastetreatntsysteowthediterraneanuntrieshaverealizedtheiortancetosavetheironseatheyhavetogethertofigureouteffectiveasures

a)equippedb)oupyingc)veredd)surprisingly

e)awashf)floodsg)locatingh)created

i)originatedj)ntanationk)nurturedl)pollution

threatensn)riskyo)ntribute

?sectionb

directionsthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatentsattachedtoiteachstatentntainsrtiongiveninoneoftheparagraphsidentifytheparagraphfrohichthertionisderivedyouychooseaparagraphrethanonceeachparagraphisrkedwithaletteranswerthequestionsbyrkingtherrespondingletteronanswersheet2

a)whatisthecriterionjudgingapersontobeobesewhilenotjustsortofoverweightwell,theheight&weighttablesprovideuswithroxitereferenceinthecaseofthisproblep>b)aforwhichtakesaperson'sheightandweightintonsiderationisreendedbytheworldhealthanizationitiscalledthebthecalcutionthodistodivideaperson'sweightinkilograbythesquareofhisorherheightinters,andthusitisgiveninunitsofkgaordingtothistheory,ifthebisbetweentherangeof185-249,thepersonisthoughttohavetheperfectphysiqueandrrespondingly,abexceeding30ansoobeanobeseperson

c)atthesati,thisdefinitionisnsideredtobeofcertainlitationsasitdoesn'ttakeotherfactorssuchasgender,ageandethniclineintoaountangthesefactors,ethniclineisveryiortantbecausedifferentracesyhavequitedifferentfatdistributionsanditalsohasanotherdefectthatthiscalcutionisnotsuitablefortheveryscurpersonssuchasbodybuildersandathletesbecausetheyusuallyhavehighbthroughphysicaltrainingsoagencieslikethenationalcholesteroleducationprandtheinternationaldiabetesfoundationareintendedtodefineobesityofadultpeopleinaordancewiththeirwaistcircuerence

d)hippocrates,agreekphysicianonceexpressedtheideathat"personswhoarenaturallyveryfatareapttodieearlierthanthosewhoareslender"alst20centuriesagowehavetoadtthatthisviewisalsoatruthevennowadaysinfact,obesitydoeshaveagreatinfluenceonpeople'sphysical,psychologicandsocialwell-beingitcanincreasethepossibilitythatsoonedevelopstureonsetdiabeteswhat'sworse,itybeverydifficulttontrolthetype2diabetesifthepersonisobeseandlosingweightcanirovethelevelsofbloodfatsandbloodgluseandreducebloodpressurewealsoknowthatobesityhascloseassociationwithronaryheartdisease

e)reover,dicalresearchersfoundthereiscloselinkbetweenbeingoverweightandsoforofcancerin2001anditwasestitedthatalst10,000britonsdevelopcancereveryyearbecauseofbeingoverweightduringthe10,000people,wontookup5,893andnoupied3,220thecancerswithstrongestassociationsarebreastcancerandloncancerangthispeoplebeingoverweight,wonwillhaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerinreproductiveans,andninprostategnd

f)thesteroidhornesoestenandpesteroneproducedbyovariesarecausesofthelinkbetweenbreastcancerandnutritionalstatusandtheyalsogovernwon'snstrualcycleresearchiliesthatthereawoneats,ortheresedentaryherlifestyleis,thehigherarethencentrationsofpesterone,whichalsoexpinswhyrateofbreastcancerofwonischlowerinunderdevelopeduntriesthesewonusuallyeatlessfoodandtheirlifestylesinvolvechredailyventwhenaredwithwoninaffluentuntriesthusthepesteroneleveloftheecreasesandthepredispositiontobreastcancerlowersasansequence

g)itwasreportedin2002onthetisnewspaperthatinthewesternworldobesitywasnsideredasthejoravertablecauseofcancerangnon-skers

h)in2005,stthos'hospital,london,ukpublishedaresearchabouttherretionbetweenbodyfatandagingtheresearchshowedthatbeingobesewildd88yearsonaveragetoawon'sbiologicageskingwouldalsoworsentheeffectifanon-overweightwonskes20cigaretteseachdayfor20years,74yearswouldbeaddedtoherbiologicagewhile,beingbothobesewouldleadtoanaddingofatleast10yearstobiologicagenowthestudysubjectonlyaidatwon;professortipector—theleadresearcher—believesthattheresultwouldbethesawithn

i)thetiny"caps"locatedontheendsofchrososarecalledtelorestheyhelpprotectthednafroheagingprocessthroughasuringthelengthoftelores,theagingeffectwasdeternedactually,teloresaretitledasthe"chrosolclock"withananisging,theyarebengshorterandshorterthescientistsusetheirlengthtodeternehowoldtheanisslessthanacertainlength,theteloreswillbetooshorttobeabletopreventthefallingapartofthednaofthechrosofreeradicalsreleasedbyexcessbodyfatandchecalsintobaoske,arebelievedtotriggerinfationinfationresultsintheproductionofwhitebloodcells,whichleadstoanaeleratederosionoftelores

j)anotherresearchnductedrecentlyintheusasaysthat,thereisalinkbetweenddle-agedobesityandincreasedriskofdentiaaredwithpeopleofnorlweight,thoseofobesityare74%relikelytohavedentiaintheir40sastothoseofrelyoverweight,theriskis35%higher

k)rtionsuchasage,educationyears,gender,bodyssindex,bloodpressurelevel,physicactivityandgeicfactorsisbeingtakenbyscientistsfroheagingresearchcentreatthekarolinskainstituteinsweden,whoassigneacharisksreaordinglythenapredictivedentiatestisdesignedonthebasisofthertionthistestwillhelppeopleatrisktolowertherisktodevelopdentiaforthefirstti,byaffectingchangesintheirlifestyle

l)fronenocperspective,theglobalupsurgeinobesity,especiallyinchildren,islikelytopushdownenocsuptoohirdofbreechpregnanciesuldn'tbedisveredbythetraditional"palpation"exanationasresearchnductedinaustraliaandpublishedin2006showsthegreatestdangerliesinthoseoverweightorobesewon—agrowingproportionofthersinotherwords,suchwonwillnothavenecessarytreatntforthebaby'sbirth,andinnycases,willneedanergencycesareansection

theobesityisindeedagreatcrisisinhealth-carearea,chbiggerthansevereacuterespiratorysyndro,eventuallybiggerthanaids

36obesitycanincreasetheriskofdevelopingdiabetesllitustype2

37theglobalupsurgeinobesityespeciallyinchildrenwillpossiblypushdownenoes

38bisreendedtoassessthenstitutionofapersoninterofheightandweight

39overweighthassoretionwithcancerinthereproductiveansforwon

40ifanon-overweightwonskes20cigarettesadayfor20years,74yearswillbeaddedtoherbiologicage

41freeradicalsreleasedbyexcessbodyfatandchecalspresentintobaoskecantriggerinfation

42theusageofbhasshortngduetotheneglectoffactorssuchasgender,ageandethicline

43thepredictivedentiatestcanhelppeopletoaffectlifestylechangesthatwillreducetheriskofntractingdentia

44wonfronderdevelopeduntriesincliohavelowerrateofbreastcancer

45ddle-agedobesepeoplerunariskofdentia

?sectionc

directionsereare2passagesinthissectioneachpassageisfollowedbysoquestionsorunfinishedstatentsforeachoftheherearefourchoicesrkeda),b),c)andd)youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentre

?passageone

haveyouseentheprocessofhowababylearnstocporspeakdoyouponderwhatpushestheodosointhepast,peoplewidelybelievedthatbabies—andothercreatures—learnttodocertainthingsforthereasonof"rewards"anditseenoreasontodoubtitstruthanti,it'salsowidelyaeptedthatthereisadirectretionbetweentheeffectiverewardsandphysiological"drives"—hungerandthirstforexale,atleastattheearlystagethat'stosay,ababy'slearningdependsonhisgettingfoodordrink

buttheideaisprovedtobenottruebyaseriesofstudiescarriedoutbyprofessorpapousekwithoutrewards,babieswillstilllearncertainbehaviorsforsuessfulout

professorpapousekstartedhisstudiesbyteachingthebabiestokesosilevents,suchasclingtheirhands,turningtheirheadstoonesideatfirst,heusedthenorlwaysbyrewardinglkhefoundthatababygivenenoughlkwouldrefusethelk,butwouldstillkeepkingthelearnedresponseswithclearpleasuresoinsituationsofnolk,whatwillthebabiesdowilltheyrejecttolearnhequicklyfoundthatinsuchcase,babies,evenasyoungasfournths,stilllearnttoturntheirheadstorightorleftbyfollowingadispyoflightsandtheywereabletobetaughtsolexventsindeed,suchas,tworightortwoleft,evenasnyasthreeturnstooneside