idistributingjenhancekentitledlpotential

roperlynqualifiedoretain

?sectionb

directionsthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatentsattachedtoiteachstatentntainsrtiongiveninoneoftheparagraphsidentifytheparagraphfrohichthertionisderivedyouychooseaparagraphrethanonceeachparagraphisrkedwithaletteranswerthequestionsbyrkingtherrespondingletteronanswersheet2

thechangesfacingfastfood

afast-foodfirhavetobeathick-skinnedbunchhealthexpertsregurlycriticisetheeverelyforsellingfoodthatkespeoplefatcriticseveninthatdonald's,whoselogosyolisescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheworldcupthesearethingsfast-foodfirhavelearnttopewithbutnotperhapsforchlongertheburgerbusinessfacesrepressurefroegutorsatatiwhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleno

bfastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proofwhennsursneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapalslikebigcsandwhoppersbeevenreattractivesuch"tradingdown"provedtrueforchofthetestrecession,whenfast-foodaniespickedupcustorswhouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurantstrafficwasboostedinarica,thehooffastfood,withdisuntsandprotions,suchas$1nusandcheapinationals

casaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirreexpensiveetitorsin2009salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinaricafellbyrethan6%,buttotalsalesreinedaboutthesaatfast-foodchainsinsorkets,suchasjapan,franceandbritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreasedsa-storesalesinaricaatdonald's,theworld'srgestfast-foodany,didnotdeclihroughoutthedownturnpanerabread,anaricanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,perfordwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants

dbutnotallfast-foodanieshavebeenasfortunateny,suchasburgerking,haveseensalesfallinasevererecession,whilesopeopletradedowntofastfood,nyotherseatathorefrequentlytosaveneydavidpalr,ananalystatubs,abank,sayssllerfast-foodchainsinarica,suchasjackintheboxandcarl'sjr,havebeenhitparticurlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyareetingwiththeglobalgiantdonald's,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbyrethan7%styearasotherscutback

esofast-foodaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustorsbettervalueduringtherecessionaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtetedcustorsthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoorderreexpensiveitebutinnycasesthatstrategydidnotworkstyearburgerkingfranchiseessuedtheanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerprotion,cingitwasunfairfortheoberepuiredtosellthesefor$1whentheyst$110tokeinyajudgeruledinfavourofburgerkingnevertheless,theanyystillbecursingitsdecisiontoprotecheapchoicesoverreexpensiveonesbecauseiteonits"valuenu"nowaountforaround20%ofallsales,upfro2%stoctober

fanalystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowdestlythisyearbutthedownturniskinganiesrethinktheirstrategiesnyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditetoenticensursawayfro1specialskfc,adivisionofyubrands,whichalsoownstabelndpizzahut,hasunchedachickensandwichthatstsaround$5andinyburgerkingintroducedbarbecueporkribsat$7foreight

ganiesarealsotryingtogetcustorstobuynewandreite,includingdrinksdonald'sstartedsellingbetterffeeasachallengetostarbucksits"cafe"linenowaountsforanestited6%ofsalesinaricastarbuckshassoldrightstoitsseattle'sbestffeebrandtoburgerking,whichwillstartsellingitterthisyear

hasfast-foodaniesshiftfrosupersize"to"rebuys",theyneedtokeepcustortraffichighthroughoutthedaynyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfooddonald'swillstartsellingporridgeinaricanextyear"breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,"sayssarasenatoreofbernstein,aresearchfir"becausetherginscanbehigh"fast-foodaniesarealsoaddingddayandte-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps"theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthenu,wecanselltonsursproductstheywantallday,"saysrickcarui,thechieffinancialofficerofyubrands

ibutwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlinessofar,fast-foodfirhavecleverlyavoidedgovernntregutionbyprovidinghealthyoptions,likesadsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheiressionofdoingsothingabouthelpingtofightobesitytheseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesopeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburgerbutcustorscannotbeforcedtoordersadsinsteadoffries

jinthefuture,silyofferingahealthyoptionynotbegoodenough"everypackaged-foodandrestaurantanyiknowisncernedaboutregutionrightnow,"sayspalrofubsarica'shealth-reforill,whichngresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20orreoutletstoputthecalorie-ntentofitetheyserveonthenuastudybythenationalbureauofenocresearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonstarbucksofasircalorie-postingwinnewyorkcityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-untpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atstarbucksstoreswhereadunkin'donutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itissaid,thatnu-bellinguldfavourchainsthathaverehealthyofferings

kinordertoavoidotherlegistioninaricaandelsewhere,fast-foodanieswillhavetontinueinnovatingwaltrikerofdonald'scithechangeithasdeinitsnuansitoffersrehealthyitethanitdidafewyearsago"weprobablysellrevegetables,relk,resads,relesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesaysbuttherecentproposalbyauntyincaliforniatobandonald'sfroncludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"hyals",becauselegistorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotrelefttodo

46sopeopleproposewsbedetostopdonald'sfrottachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren

47fast-foodfirynotbeabletopewithpressuresfrooodregutioninthenearfuture

48burgerkingwillstarttosellseattle'sbestffeetoincreasesales

49sofast-foodfirprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheiressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblep>50duringtherecession,nycustorsturnedtofastfoodtosaveney

51nypeopleeatoutlessoftentosaveneyintisofrecession

52duringtherecession,burgerking'sprotionalstrategyofofferinglow-pricediteoftenprovedineffective

53fast-foodrestaurantscankealotofneybysellingbreakfast

54nyfast-foodaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-pricedite

55anewly-passedwasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecalorieuntofwhattheyserveonthenu

?sectionc

directionsereare2passagesinthissectioneachpassageisfollowedbysoquestionsorunfinishedstatentsforeachoftheherearefourchoicesrkeda,b,canddyoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandrktherrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelihroughthecentre

?passageone

questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage

ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreenkeepsyousafefroarulrays,youybewrongresearchinthisweek'snatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenuerofnosanddeystheirourrence,itcan'tpreventtheenosarethestaggressiveskincancersyouhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,bluereeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloseretivehashadonenosarereonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesunotherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-terxposure

thereisntinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingnos—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancera2011australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandoyselectedtolysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofnosofpeoplewhousedcreasneededasendstudy,aring1,167peoplewithnosto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesoprotectionthisstudysaidotherforofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seedstbeneficialthestudyreliedonpeoplereeringwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliablebutitseereasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun

nypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly—lyinginsufficientaunts,failingtorelyafteraupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolongitissunburnthatisstworrying—recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers

thegoodnewsisthatainationofsunscreenandveringupcanreducenorates,asshownbyaustralianfiguresfroheirslip-slop-spcaaignsoifthereisaheatwavethissuer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,sloponsunscreenandsponahat

56whatispeople'sonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen

aitwilldeytheourrenceofskincancerbitwillprotecttherounburn

citwillkeeptheirskinsothandfairditwillworkforpeopleofanyskinlor

57whatdoestheresearchinnaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen

aitisineffectiveinpreventingnosbitisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight

citisineffectivewithlong-terxposureditisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin

58whatdowelearnfrohe2011australianstudyof1,621people

asunscreenshouldbeliedalongsideotherprotectionasures

bhigh-riskpeoplebenefitthestfrohelicationofsunscreen

cirregurlicationofsunscreendoeswonreharhangood

ddailylicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofnos

59whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesendaustralianstudy

aitsleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection

bithelpspeopletoselectthesteffectivesunscreen

citisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects

ditnfirtheresultsofthefirstaustralianstudy